Getting help
GNSS resiliency is a complex and important topic, of which many aspects are not exhaustively covered on this website or tailored to your specific application. In the further reading section you can find links to websites and documents that offer more background and technical information.
We encourage you to dive into the details of your own PNT architecture and implementation and ask for help if needed. Having a better understanding of your system will provide you with more insight into potential vulnerabilities and will point you to methods to improve the robustness of your system if necessary. We also hope that having a better overview of your system can help you to become aware of potential chain effects in case of GNSS outages or system failures, how does such an event affect your operations?
To get advice on your specific system, you can approach any expert on GNSS. For specific hardware or software related questions, the manufacturer might be able to assist. The GNSS Centre of Excellence is also available for help and questions, and can refer you to other parties based on your needs. and we are also available for help at the GNSS Centre of Excellence where we can refer you to other partners as needed.
Further Reading
If you’re interested in learning more about resilience methodologies, we invite you to read the following articles:
Technical Resources:
If you would like to learn more on the technical aspects of GNSS (such as hardware components – antennas, receivers, or the new Galileo services increasing your security – PRS, OSNMA), we recommend the following resources prepared by ESA:
Similar Studies:
Below you can find other studies on PNT resilience, such as the Dutch ‘Inventarisatie Kwetsbaarheid Uitval Satellietnavigatie’ (IKUS) one and two, the US PNT Conformance framework and architecture (which inspired our resiliency questionnaire), and the UK studies to critical dependencies, impact and approach.
- NL Inventarisatie Kwetsbaarheid Satelliet Navigatie (2016)
- NL Inventarisatie Kwetsbaarheid Satelliet Navigatie (2022)
- NL Kamerbrief over satellietnavigatie (2023)
- US Resilient Positioning, Navigation, Timing Conformance Framework
- US Resilient Positioning, Navigation, Timing Reference Architecture
- UK Blackett Report, Satellite-derived Time and Position: A Study of Critical Dependencies (2018)
- UK The economic impact on the UK of a disruption to GNSS (2023)
- UK Position Navigation and Timing framework (2023)
Domain Specific:
If you already have an area of interest (for instance your application relies on precise timing, or highly robust PNT – aviation), we recommend surveying the reports below:
A study on how to make GNSS timing robust. The report discusses the benefit of Galileo-specific technologies but also many generic technologies to ensure resilient and accurate GNSS timing.
A study on how to make GNSS reception robust on board civil aircraft. The report analyses technologies that are also useful for many other types of (stationary) applications.