Although ceasefire between Iran and Israel was agreed on the 24th of June 2025, digital form of warfare is on going and its visible via Vessel and Airplane route trajectories, based on GPS public data. The presented GPS Spoofing Instances, are a common phenomenon in the Straight of Hormuz and show the vulnerabilities of GPS Unencrypted signals against such attacks. The reliance on such systems can create bottlenecks in the global commerce and even cost human lives.

Concentrated Vessel Location inland location. Red bound box indicates Spoofed Vessels. Date: 10/07/2025. Figure source: MarineTraffic

Magnified location of concentrated Vessels in a circle inland pattern approximately 5km North of Iranian Port of Shahid Rajaee. Date: 10/07/2025. Figure source: MarineTraffic

Satellite Imagery of Magnified location of concentrated Vessels in a circle inland pattern approximately 5km North of Iranian Port of Shahid Rajaee. Date: 10/07/2025. Figure source: MarineTraffic

Similar to Vessel navigation, Commercial Air-traffic is affected as well. During the same date and time-frame, numerous GPS Spoofing incidents we recorded from Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data.

Aircraft spoofing incidents to a common location, approximately 5km North of Iranian Port of Shahid Rajaee. Date: 10/07/2025. Figure source: gpswise.aero

Magnified location of Commercial Aircraft showing false flight path in a circle pattern approximately 5km North of Iranian Port of Shahid Rajaee. Date: 10/07/2025. Figure source: flightradar24.

Such incidents, continue to outline the vulnerability of current systems and the urgent need of adaptation of encrypted signals and alternative PNT sources.